vocab daily,Antonyms,Synonyms,hindi पर्यायवाची

 

1. ANNIHILATE (Verb) – मिटा देना / नष्ट कर देना

Meaning:

To destroy completely

Hindi Meaning:

मिटा देना / पूरी तरह नष्ट कर देना

Synonyms:

wipe out, obliterate

Antonyms:

create, establish

Example Sentence:

A simple bomb of this type could annihilate them all.
👉 इस प्रकार का एक साधारण बम उन सभी को पूरी तरह नष्ट कर सकता है।

Exam Trick:

Annihilate = पूरी तरह समाप्त करना

2. INHERENT (Adjective) – आंतरिक / स्वाभाविक

Meaning:

Existing as a natural or permanent quality

Hindi Meaning:

आंतरिक / स्वाभाविक

Synonyms:

intrinsic, innate

Antonyms:

acquired, external

Example Sentence:

Any form of mountaineering has its inherent dangers.
👉 पर्वतारोहण के किसी भी रूप में स्वाभाविक खतरे होते हैं।

Exam Trick:

Inherent quality = जन्मजात गुण

3. PROTRACT (Verb) – लंबा करना

Meaning:

To make something last longer than necessary

Hindi Meaning:

लंबा करना

Synonyms:

prolong, extend

Antonyms:

curtail, shorten

Example Sentence:

He unnecessarily protracted the discussion during the meeting.
👉 उसने बैठक के दौरान चर्चा को अनावश्यक रूप से लंबा कर दिया।

Exam Trick:

Protract = समय बढ़ाना

4. ABREAST (Adverb) – जानकारी में रहना / अपडेट रहना

Meaning:

Up to date with the latest information or developments

Hindi Meaning:

जानकारी में रहना / अपडेट रहना

Synonyms:

informed, up to date with

Antonyms:

uninformed, out of touch

Example Sentence:

In modern times, one has to keep abreast of new developments.
👉 आधुनिक समय में नई प्रगति की जानकारी रखना आवश्यक है।

Exam Trick:

Keep abreast of = अपडेट रहना

5. RESTITUTION (Noun) – वापसी / पुनर्स्थापन

Meaning:

Restoration of something lost or stolen to its rightful owner

Hindi Meaning:

वापसी / पुनर्स्थापन

Synonyms:

restoration, compensation

Antonyms:

seizure, deprivation

Example Sentence:

The court ordered restitution of the stolen property.
👉 अदालत ने चोरी की गई संपत्ति लौटाने का आदेश दिया।

Exam Trick:

Restitution = खोई वस्तु की वापसी

6. WITHER (Verb) – मुरझाना

Meaning:

To become dry, weak, or shriveled

Hindi Meaning:

मुरझाना

Synonyms:

wilt, droop

Antonyms:

flourish, thrive

Example Sentence:

The flowers began to wither in the intense heat.
👉 तेज गर्मी में फूल मुरझाने लगे।

Exam Trick:

Wither = सूखकर कमजोर होना

7. ANTIPATHY (Noun) – विरोधभाव / घृणा

Meaning:

A strong feeling of dislike or hostility

Hindi Meaning:

विरोधभाव / घृणा

Synonyms:

hostility, animosity

Antonyms:

liking, affection

Example Sentence:

He showed clear antipathy toward corruption.
👉 उसने भ्रष्टाचार के प्रति स्पष्ट विरोधभाव दिखाया।

Exam Trick:

Antipathy = Strong dislike

8. LIBERAL (Adjective) – उदार

Meaning:

Generous and open-minded

Hindi Meaning:

उदार

Synonyms:

generous, magnanimous

Antonyms:

miserly, narrow-minded

Example Sentence:

The organization made liberal donations for flood relief.
👉 संगठन ने बाढ़ राहत के लिए उदार दान दिया।

Exam Trick:

Liberal person = खुले विचारों वाला व्यक्ति

9. EMPATHY (Noun) – समवेदना

Meaning:

The ability to understand and share another person’s feelings

Hindi Meaning:

समवेदना

Synonyms:

compassion, understanding

Antonyms:

indifference, insensitivity

Example Sentence:

A good teacher should have empathy for students.
👉 एक अच्छे शिक्षक में विद्यार्थियों के प्रति समवेदना होनी चाहिए।

Exam Trick:

Empathy = दूसरों की भावनाओं को समझना

10. ACCEDE (Verb) – मान लेना / सहमत होना

Meaning:

To agree to a demand or request

Hindi Meaning:

मान लेना / सहमत होना

Synonyms:

accept, consent

Antonyms:

refuse, reject

Example Sentence:

He did not accede to his child’s demands.
👉 उसने अपने बच्चे की मांगों को स्वीकार नहीं किया।

Exam Trick:

Accede = मांग मान लेना

Quick Vocabulary Revision Notes

Word	Quick Meaning
Annihilate	Destroy Completely
Inherent	Natural
Protract	Lengthen
Abreast	Updated
Restitution	Restoration
Wither	Wilt
Antipathy	Hatred
Liberal	Generous
Empathy	Compassion
Accede	Agree

Practice Quiz

Q1. “Annihilate” means:

A. Create
B. Destroy completely
C. Improve
D. Repair

✅ Answer: B

Q2. Opposite of “Wither” is:

A. Fade
B. Wilt
C. Thrive
D. Shrink

✅ Answer: C

Q3. “Empathy” refers to:

A. Anger
B. Hatred
C. Understanding others’ feelings
D. Distance

✅ Answer: C

Q4. “Abreast” means:

A. Confused
B. Updated
C. Ignorant
D. Careless

✅ Answer: B

Q5. “Accede” means:

A. Refuse
B. Protest
C. Agree
D. Hide

✅ Answer: C

PENURIOUS

 Penurious (Adj):-  lacking money; excessively unwilling to spend, not having enough money to pay for necessities.

Synonyms: parsimonious, hard up, impecunious, in straitened circumstances, penniless, pinched

Uses:- Government assistance is available for penurious families who cannot afford to purchase food.

-Because jonny is in penurious circumstances, he has been obtaining his meals from a soup kitchen.

-when reena lost her job, she found herself in the penurious situation of not being able to pay her rent.

Military fables of a democracy

In 2004, the world saw evidence of one of the most horrific acts of torture and sexual abuse by an army on captured prisoners. The soldiers did not belong to the army of a banana republic or a military dictatorship(absolute rule,तानाशाही) but to the U.S., a democracy. The prisoners were Iraqi, held at the Abu Ghraib prison.

At present, India is going through a staggering(unstable,विचलित) phase of amnesia(memory loss,भूलने की बीमारी): that it is a democracy. War clouds have caused a flight of reason. The valorization(value,मूल्य) of the Indian military after the “surgical strikes” has culminated(highest,पराकाष्टा) in a perverse(distorted,विकृत) logic amplified(enhance,बढ़ाना) by a shrill media: you cannot question the government on matters military as it is equivalent to insulting the army, which itself is beyond scrutiny(examine,जाँच) and reproach(insult,तिरस्कार).

Aggressive nationalism 

The question here is not of the veracity(reality,सच्चाई) of the surgical strikes but whether questions can be asked of the government and the army. The logic that answers in the negative is one that suits a military dictatorship, not a democracy.

If this logic held, we would have never known how the American and British governments led their people to the catastrophic(destructive,विनाशकारी) Iraq war over flimsy(weak,कमज़ोर) reasons of national security. The Abu Ghraib expose too would have never seen light. Nor would have our own Kunan Poshpora. That such logic shows a tendency towards the militarisation of society, especially now when an aggressive nationalism gains ground.

Witness the closing of public mind since Uri and the surgical strikes. Actors are facing a public outcry either for “disrespecting” soldiers or for “supporting” Pakistani artistes. Parties are being condemned for demanding “proof”. And farcically(laughable,विनोदपूर्ण), television guests are thrown off studio debates for speaking over martyred soldiers’ fathers. The army, in essence, has become a holy cow.

This is a dangerous tendency, for the militarisation of society and the predominance(supremacy,प्रबलता) of militaristic values is opposed to some fundamental tenets(belief,सिद्धांत) of democracy like critical thinking and questioning of hierarchy. Militaristic values are alsointrinsically(internally,आंतरिक) connected to notions(opinion,मत) of hypermasculinity(bravery,बहादुरता). Of course, unquestioning obedience is useful in the institutional context of the army and in limited situations of war, but it cannot become a general value of society for all times.

More crucially, militarisation fundamentally obfuscates(unclear,अस्पष्ट) society’s real problems. Fear becomes the basis of society, and a soldier’s job becomes the most important occupation. People who clean the sewers with no protective equipment, and at great threat to their lives, do not, in this narrative, serve the nation. As the writer Aakar Patel asks, why are sewer cleaners, dying in the hundreds, and sanitation workers not considered martyrs?

The tragedy of a dead soldier is justifiably commemorated by all. But millions die unsung, performing jobs in hazardous(risky,जोखिमपूर्ण) conditions. The precariousness(uncertainty,अनिश्चितता) of soldiers on the Siachen Glacier is rightly sympathised with, but not the horrors of manual scavengers who have to handle human faeces and die due to diseases.

Shouldn’t there also be outrage(anger,गुस्सा) over men carrying their dead daughter and wife on their shoulders because hospitals refused ambulances, as was the case in two separate incidents in Odisha? Where is the outrage and TV coverage about the 1.2 million (preventable) child deaths in India last year, the highest in the world? How does this number compare with deaths caused by terrorism? For society’s well-being, should this not be the most important problem exercising discourse?

Ironically, a militarised society despite valorising the soldier does not actually speak for him/her. Warmongering could only lead to the deaths of more soldiers. While Kargil and its 527 war heroes entered India’s military folklore, Operation Parakram and its 798 dead soldiers are little discussed by the public. How is it justifiable to lose nearly 800 soldiers without even fighting a war?

Further, in every violent conflict like Uri, the overwhelming numbers of the dead are sepoys and non-commissioned officers hailing from the most marginalised strata of society. It is a tragedy at many levels.

The uniting factor 

The valorous(brave,बहादुर) soldier versus the pusillanimous(coward,कायर) civilian and the patriotic soldier versus unpatriotic civilian are false binaries on which a militarised society thrives(grow,पनपना). On the one hand, defence arms procurement, and land and recruitment scams show the involvement of both higher echelons(group,टोली) of the military, and civilians (politicians and bureaucrats). On the other, what unites both is that tragic social conditions are disproportionately shared by the soldiers and civilians from the poorest and most oppressed groups, especially the costs of war. After all, the shrieking TV anchors and the elite(specific,विशिष्ट) civilian classes wanting a war are not the ones fighting the war, or are among the 15 lakh people forcibly evacuated from border village homes and living in makeshift camps.

The valorisation of the military in a democracy is ironical. Ultimately, what is the military fighting for? Is it merely Indian territory? The military, while protecting the nation, does not dictate India’s constitutional values. By conflating the two, a fundamental mistake is made. In the eyes of the world, what distinguishes India from Pakistan is not that it has a bigger military, but that it is a settled, even if flawed, democracy. The Indian Army is different from the Pakistani Army because it is, ultimately, under the control of the people.

Every public institution, including the military, has to be subject to public accountability and scrutiny. There is no maxim in a democracy that says you cannot ask questions of its army.

Similarly, striving for non-violent resolutions is not being anti-national. An army veteran writes: “It’s easy to ask for peace when you are a thousand miles away from the Line of Control.” This is why soldiers facing bullets at the border are not the ones in charge of public policy in a democracy. As Onkarnath Dolui, who lost his son in Uri, painfully pleads, “Believe me, I don’t want war as it demands countless of lives, like that of my son, on either side.”

Soldiers and their sacrifices deserve respect in society, but they cannot overwhelm every other aspect of society. Military fables have their place, but they cannot substitute democratic debates. While we mourn the deaths of soldiers, we have to understand that poverty is the biggest killer in India, by a million times over. A militarised society prevents us from seeing that.

 courtesy:the hindu

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