1. Crux (Noun) – जड़ / मूल बिंदु
Meaning:
The most important or serious part of a matter, problem, or argument.
Hindi Meaning:
किसी समस्या या विषय का सबसे महत्वपूर्ण भाग
Synonyms:
- essence
- core
- root
Antonyms:
- periphery
- superficiality
- outside detail
Example Sentence:
When Jake was asked about his failure to complete the project, he cited an illness as the crux of his problem.
👉 जेक से प्रोजेक्ट पूरा न करने का कारण पूछा गया तो उसने बीमारी को अपनी समस्या का मुख्य कारण बताया।
2. Punitive (Adjective) – दंडात्मक
Meaning:
Intended as punishment or inflicting punishment.
Hindi Meaning:
सजा देने वाला / दंड देने हेतु
Synonyms:
- penal
- correctional
- corrective
Antonyms:
- rewarding
- lenient
- forgiving
Example Sentence:
She is suing the newspaper for $5 million in punitive damages, claiming they knew the article about her was untrue.
👉 वह अखबार पर 5 मिलियन डॉलर के दंडात्मक हर्जाने का मुकदमा कर रही है।
3. Ruse (Noun) – चाल
Meaning:
An action intended to deceive someone; a trick.
Hindi Meaning:
धोखा देने की चाल
Synonyms:
- ploy
- stratagem
- tactic
Antonyms:
- honesty
- sincerity
- truthfulness
Example Sentence:
Eleanor tried to think of a ruse to get Paul out of the house.
👉 एलेनोर ने पॉल को घर से बाहर निकालने के लिए एक चाल सोचने की कोशिश की।
4. Licit (Adjective) – जायज
Meaning:
Not forbidden; lawful.
Hindi Meaning:
वैध / कानूनसम्मत
Synonyms:
- legitimate
- permissible
- admissible
Antonyms:
- illegal
- illegitimate
- illicit
Example Sentence:
She made some money by licit means.
👉 उसने वैध तरीकों से कुछ पैसा कमाया।
5. Cryptic (Adjective) – अस्पष्ट / रहस्यमयी
Meaning:
Having a meaning that is mysterious or obscure.
Hindi Meaning:
रहस्यमय या समझने में कठिन
Synonyms:
- enigmatic
- mysterious
- obscure
Antonyms:
- understandable
- apparent
- clear
Example Sentence:
If Marsha expects her students to use the cryptic map to find the treasure hidden in the classroom, she will need to provide them with a few more clues.
👉 यदि मार्शा चाहती हैं कि छात्र रहस्यमयी नक्शे से खजाना ढूंढें, तो उन्हें और संकेत देने होंगे।
6. Braving (Verb) – सामना करना
Meaning:
To face or endure something difficult or dangerous with courage.
Hindi Meaning:
साहसपूर्वक सामना करना
Synonyms:
- confronting
- facing
- enduring
Antonyms:
- avoiding
- ducking
- sidestepping
Example Sentence:
He did not feel up to braving his parents after the declaration of the 10th result because of his poor scores.
👉 खराब अंकों के कारण वह 10वीं के परिणाम के बाद अपने माता-पिता का सामना करने की हिम्मत नहीं जुटा पाया।
7. Proprietor (Noun) – मालिक
Meaning:
One who has a legal or rightful claim to ownership.
Hindi Meaning:
स्वामी / मालिक
Synonyms:
- owner
- holder
- possessor
- keeper
Antonyms:
- tenant
- lessee
- squatter
Example Sentence:
He is now the sole proprietor of the business.
👉 अब वह उस व्यवसाय का एकमात्र मालिक है।
8. Frivolous (Adjective) – फिजूल / गैर-ज़रूरी
Meaning:
Not having any serious purpose or value.
Hindi Meaning:
तुच्छ / महत्वहीन
Synonyms:
- trivial
- unimportant
- worthless
- foolish
Antonyms:
- important
- meaningful
- substantial
- serious
Example Sentence:
Students who consider test instructions to be frivolous often fail exams.
👉 जो छात्र परीक्षा निर्देशों को महत्वहीन समझते हैं, वे अक्सर असफल हो जाते हैं।
9. Ratify (Verb) – प्रमाणित करना
Meaning:
To sign or give formal consent to a treaty, contract, or agreement, making it officially valid.
Hindi Meaning:
औपचारिक स्वीकृति देना
Synonyms:
- approve
- confirm
- finalize
- endorse
Antonyms:
- reject
- deny
- disapprove
Example Sentence:
The shareholders will ratify any merger that will increase their dividends.
👉 शेयरधारक ऐसे किसी भी विलय को मंजूरी देंगे जिससे उनके लाभांश में वृद्धि हो।
Important Exam Tips
How These Words Are Asked in Exams
These vocabulary words are commonly asked in:
- Synonym-based questions
- Antonym-based questions
- Editorial vocabulary
- Contextual usage
- Sentence improvement
- Fillers
- Cloze tests
Practice Quiz
Q1. What is the meaning of “Crux”?
A. Decoration
B. Main point
C. Punishment
D. Residence
✅ Answer: B. Main point
Q2. “Punitive” is related to:
A. Reward
B. Punishment
C. Happiness
D. Mystery
✅ Answer: B. Punishment
Q3. Choose the synonym of “Ruse”.
A. Truth
B. Trick
C. House
D. Courage
✅ Answer: B. Trick
Q4. “Licit” means:
A. Illegal
B. Lawful
C. Mysterious
D. Weak
✅ Answer: B. Lawful
Q5. The antonym of “Cryptic” is:
A. Mysterious
B. Hidden
C. Clear
D. Enigmatic
✅ Answer: C. Clear
Q6. “Frivolous” means:
A. Serious
B. Meaningful
C. Trivial
D. Legal
✅ Answer: C. Trivial
Q7. “Ratify” means:
A. Reject
B. Approve officially
C. Delay
D. Hide
✅ Answer: B. Approve officially
